TypeScript Intersection Types

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about the TypeScript intersection types to create a new type by combining multiple existing types.

Introduction to TypeScript Intersection types

An intersection type creates a new type by combining multiple existing types. The new type has all features of the existing types.

To combine types, you use the & operator as follows:

type typeAB = typeA & typeB;

The typeAB will have all properties from both typeA and typeB.

Note that the union type uses the | operator that defines a variable that can hold a value of either typeA or typeB

let varName = typeA | typeB; // union type

Suppose that you have three interfaces: BusinessPartner, Identity, and Contact.

interface BusinessPartner {
    name: string;
    credit: number;
}

interface Identity {
    id: number;
    name: string;
}

interface Contact {
    email: string;
    phone: string;
}

The following defines two intersection types:

type Employee = Identity & Contact;
type Customer = BusinessPartner & Contact;

The Employee type contains all properties of the Identity and Contact type:

type Employee = Identity & Contact;

let e: Employee = {
    id: 100,
    name: 'John Doe',
    email: '[email protected]',
    phone: '(408)-897-5684'
};

And the Customer type contains all properties of the BusinessPartner and Contact type:

type Customer = BusinessPartner & Contact;

let c: Customer = {
    name: 'ABC Inc.',
    credit: 1000000,
    email: '[email protected]',
    phone: '(408)-897-5735'
};

Later, if you want to implement employee sales, you can create a new intersection type that contains all properties of Identity, Contact, and BusinessPartner types:

type Employee = Identity & BusinessPartner & Contact;

let e: Employee = {
    id: 100,
    name: 'John Doe',
    email: '[email protected]',
    phone: '(408)-897-5684',
    credit: 1000
};

Note

Notice both BusinessPartner and Identity have the property name with the same type. If they do not, then you will have an error.

Type Order

When you intersect types, the order of the types doesn’t matter. For example:

type typeAB = typeA & typeB;
type typeBA = typeB & typeA;

In this example, typeAB and typeBA have the same properties.

Summary

• An intersection type combines two or more types to create a new type that has all properties of the existing types.

• The type order is not important when you combine types.